Hello!
Thanks for the excellent question.
Many document formats can be uploaded in exactly the same way as other media types, via the Media -> Add New menu.
According to the WordPress Codex, the following document formats are allowed:
- .pdf (Portable Document Format; Adobe Acrobat)
- .doc, .docx (Microsoft Word Document)
- .ppt, .pptx, .pps, .ppsx (Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation)
- .odt (OpenDocument Text Document)
- .xls, .xlsx (Microsoft Excel Document)
- .psd (Adobe Photoshop Document)
By default, WordPress organizes your uploads by Year and Month, so, for example, anything you upload this month will be in the directory:
/wp-content/uploads/2019/10
Some third-party plugins are designed to make this process easier. For example, Easy Digital Downloads is designed to let you sell your downloads. Another one I found to help with folder organization is called FileBird -WordPress Media Library Folders.
I hope this helps!